Introduction
Muharram Islami Calendar (Hijri) ka pehla mahina hai, jise Islamic Naya Saal ki shuruaat mana jata hai. Ye Islam dharm ke sabse paak aur hoiliest mahino mein se ek hai. Muharram koi festival ya jashn ka din nahi hai, balki ye shok (matam), shahadat aur sabr ki yaad dilane wala mahina hai.
Duniya bhar ke Musalman Muharram ko alag-alag tariko se yaad karte hain. Is mahine me log ibadat karte hain, roze rakhte hain aur Karbala ke shaheedon ko yaad karte hain.
Table of Contents
Muharram Kya Hai?
Muharram Hijri Calendar ka pehla mahina hai. Is mahine ka naam Quran aur Islamic history me bhi Aham mana gaya hai.
Muharram ko “Allah ka mahina” bhi kaha jata hai kyunki is mahine me ibadat aur nek kaam karne ki khaas ahmiyat batayi gayi hai.
Muharram Ka Itihaas Kya Hai?
Muharram ke mahine ki historical significance saal 61 Hijri (680 CE) mein hui Karbala ki jung se juda hai.
Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ki Qurbani
Islam ke founder Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.) (PBUH) sahab ke chhote navase Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ne Zaalim Badshah Yazeed ke Zulm aur be-insafi ke samne jhukne se inkar kar diya tha.
72 Sathiyon Ki Shahadat
Iraq ki Karbala naamak jagah par Yazeed ki badi fauj ne Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.), Unke parivar aur Unke sabhi 72 sathiyon ko kai dinon tak Bhukha-Pyasa rakhkar badi berahmi se shaheed kar diya tha.
Imam Hussain (R.A.), Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) (PBUH) ke nawase the. Unki Shahadat ko Islam ki Taarikh me sachchai, insaaf aur himmat ki misaal mana jata hai.
Yaum-E-Ashura
10 Moharram ki tarikh ko Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ki shahadat hui thi, jise ‘Yaum-E-Ashura’ kaha jata hai. ye din puri duniya ke musalmanon ke liye behad gamgin hota hai.
Shia aur Sunni Muslims mein Muharram ke Riwayat
Islam ke donon main communities mein Muharram ko alg-alg tareekon se yaad kiya jata hai:
Shia Muslims
Maatam aur Majlis: Shia musalman Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) aur unke parivar ki qurbani ki yaad mein kale kapde pahante hain, Majlis organise karte hain aur dukh vyakt karte hain.
Tajiya aur Julus: Is mahine mein Tajiya (Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ke Makbare ka ek symbolic model) banae jaate hain aur Ashura ke din bade-bade juloos nikale jaate hain.
Sunni Muslims
Roza (Fasting): Sunni Musalman Muharram ke mahine mein, khaskar 9ve aur 10ve ya 10ve aur 11ve din ko Roza rakhte hain.
Taarekhi Ahemiyat: Sunni Hadison ke mutabik, is din Hazrat Musa (A.S.) aur Bani Israil ko Misr (Egypt) ke Zaalim Badshah Firaun se Aazadi mili thi, jiski Shukrane ke taur par Paigambar Hazrat Mohammad (S.A.W.) sahab (PBUH ) ne bhi roza rakhne ki salah di thi.
10 Moharram ko Karbala me kya hua tha?
Karbala ka Pura Waqia (The Battle of Karbala)
Ye jung history ki sabse dardnak aur seekh dene wali jung mani jaati hai, jo Saal 61 hijri (680 CE) mein Iraq ke Karbala ke tapte registan mein ladi gai thi.
- Jung ki Wajah: Us waqt ka Badshah Yajeed ek zaalim aur nainsaf Badshah tha. Wo chahta tha ki Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) uski hukumat aur galat taur-tarikon ko Islam ki pehchan de. Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ne haq aur sacchai ke liye Yajeed ki baat manne se saaf inkar kar diya.
- Bhookh aur Pyas ka Imtihan: Yajeed ki fauj ne Muharram ki 7vin tarikh ko Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ke Khemon (Tambuon) ke liye Darya-E-Farat (Euphrates River) ka pani band kar diya tha. Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ke saath unke chhote-chhote Bacche, Auratein aur bimar Saathi the, jo 3 dinon tak bhookh aur pyas se tadapte rahe.
- Asrar (Qurbani): 10 Moharram (Ashura) ko jung hui. Yajeed ki Hazaron ki sena ke samne Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ke sirf 72 Jaanbaj saathi the. ek-ek karke Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ke bhai, bete (jinmen 6 mahine ke masoom Ali Asgar bhi shamil the) aur bhatije shaheed ho gaye.
- Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ki Shahadat: Aakhir mein jab Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) akele bache, to unhone Sajde ki halat mein apni jaan Qurban kar di. Ye jung Yajeed fauj ki Adadi Taaqat ki jeet thi, lekin Akhlaaqi Taur par Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ki sacchai aur sabr ki jeet hui.
Ashura ke Roze ke rules aur Significance (Rules of Ashura Fasting)
Sunni Biradari mein Moharram 10 tarikh (Yaum-e-Ashura) ko roza rakhna behad fazilat (Sawaab) ka kaam mana jata hai.
- Gunahon ki Mafi: Paigambar Hazrat Mohammad (S.A.W.) Sahab (PBUH) ne farmaya tha ki Ashura ka Roza rakhne se Insaan ke pichle 1 Saal ke chhote Gunah Maaf ho jaate hain.
- 2 Roze rakhne ka rule: Yahudi Qaum ke log bhi is din Hazrat Musa (A.S.) ki jeet ki khushi mein 1 Roza rakhte the. Unse alag pehchan banae rakhne ke liye Hazrat Mohammad (S.A.W.) Sahab (PBUH) ne 2 din Roze rakhne ka hukm diya tha.
- Tarikh ka Combination: Aapko lagatar 2 din Roze rakhna hote hai. Aap neeche diye gaye do options mein se koi 1 chun sakte hain:
- 9 aur 10 Moharram ka Roza (sabse jyada pasand kiya jaane wala option).
- Moharram 10 or 11 ka roza.
- Roze ka Tarika: Ye aam Ramzan ke Roze ki tarah hi rakha jata hai. Subah Sadiq (Sehri) se lekar Suraj doobne (Iftar) tak khane-peene aur buri aadaton se door raha jata hai.
Ashura Kya Hai?
10 Moharram (Ashura) ko jung hui. Yajeed ki Hazaron ki sena ke samne Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ke sirf 72 Jaanbaj saathi the. ek-ek karke Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) ke bhai, bete (jinmen 6 mahine ke masoom Ali Asgar bhi shamil the) aur bhatije shaheed ho gaye.
Is din ko Islam me khaas ahemiyat di hai. Kai Musalman is din roza rakhte hain aur ibadat karte hain.
Ashura ko Karbala ke shaheedon ki yaad me bhi manaya jata hai.
Taziya Kya Hota Hai?
Kai jagah par Muharram ke dauran Taziya nikala jata hai.
Taziya Imam Hussain ki yaad me banaya gaya ek symbolic model hota hai. Iski rules kai regions me alag-alag hoti hai.
10 Moharram ko Aur kya kya hua tha?
10 Moharram (jise Yaum-e-Ashura kaha jata hai) ka importance sirf Karbala ki Jung tak limited nahin hai. Islami history aur beliefs ke mutabik, Universe ki shuruaat se lekar kai Paigambaron (Prophets) ki Zindagi ki badi aur major ghatnayen isi tarikh ko hui thi.
Islamic taareekh aur hadison ke mutabik, 10 Moharram ko Karbala ke alawa ye main waqiye hue thi:
1. Prophets se jude taareekhi Waqiye
- Hazrat Musa (A.S.) ko firaun se Aazadi: Is din Allah ne Lal Sagar (Red Sea) ko 2 hisso mein bantkar Hazrat Musa (A.S.) aur Bani Israil ko rasta diya tha. Peecha kar raha Zaalim Badshah Firaun apni fauj ke sath usi pani mein doobkar mar gaya tha.
- Hazrat Aadam (A.S.) ki tauba qubool hui: Duniya ke sabse pehle insaan aur paigambar Hazrat Aadam (A.S.) se jo khata hui thi, uske liye unki lambi tauba Allah ne isi din qubool ki thi.
- Hazrat Nooh (A.S.) ki kashti kinare lagi: Jab puri duniya mein tabahi wala toofan aur baadh aai thi, tab Hazrat Nooh (A.S.) ki kashti (jahaj) is khaufnaak toofan se bachkar Judi Pahad par mahfooz ruki thi.
- Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S.) ki wiladat or aag se hifazat: Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S.) ka janm isi din hua tha. Iske alawa, jab zaalim Badshah Namrud ne unhen bhadakti hui aag mein dala tha, to Allah ke hukm se wo aag unke liye thandi aur mehfooz ‘Guljar’ (Baag) ban gai thi.
- Hazrat Yunus (A.S.) machli ke pet se bahar aaye: Hazrat Yunus (A.S.) ko jab ek badi machli ne nigal liya tha, to unki duaao ke baad Allah Ta’Ala ne unhen 10 moharram ko hi mehfooz bahar nikala tha.
- Hazrat Ayyub (A.S.) ko bimari se shifa mili: Hazrat Ayyub (A.S.) jo behad Sabr wale Paigambar the, unhen ek bahut lambi aur gambhir bimari se isi din puri tarah shifa mili thi.
- Hazrat Yusuf (A.S.) ko Qaid se rihai: Hazrat Yusuf (A.S.) ko Misr (Egypt) ki jail se isi tarikh ko riha kiya gaya tha aur ve apne Walid Hazrat Yaqoob (A.S.) se saalon baad mile the.
- Hazrat Isa (A.S.) ko aasman par uthaya gaya: Christians aur Islami aqaid ke mutabik, Hazrat Isa (A.S.)(Prophet Jesus) ko dushmanon ke changul se bachakar Allah Ta’Ala ne isi din zinda aasman par utha liya tha
2. Kaaynaat (Universe) ki Shuruaat aur Qayamat
- Kaaynaat ki Shuruaat: Kai Islamic Scholars aur Hadison ke mutabik, Allah Ta’Ala ne Aasman, Zameen, Kalam aur Taqdeer ki Shuruaat isi din ki thi.
- Qayamat ka din: Future mein jab bhi ye duniya khatm hogi, Yaani Qayamat (Doomsday) aaegi, to wo din bhi 10 Moharram Jumma (Friday) ka hi hoga.
Muharram Ka Paigaam
Muharram hume sachchai, insaaf, sabr aur himmat ka sabaq sikhata hai. Karbala ka waqia aaj bhi logon ko zulm ke khilaf khade hone aur sachchai par qayam rehne ke liye inspire krta hai.
FAQs
Q1. Muharram kya hai?
Muharram Islamic Calendar ka pehla mahina hai aur Islam me bahut aham mana jata hai.
Q2. Muharram kyu manaya jata hai?
Muharram Karbala ka waqia aur Imam Hussain (R.A.) ki shahadat ki yaad me manaya jata hai.
Q4. Kya Muharram me roza rakha jata hai?
Haan, Musalman Muharram me khaaskar Ashura ke aas-paas 2 din roze rakhte hain.
Q5. Karbala ki ladai kis ke beech hui thi?
Karbala ka Waqia Imam Hussain (R.A.) aur Yazid ki fauj ke beech hua tha.
Q6. Muharram kab manaya jata hai?
Muharram Hijri Calendar ke pehle mahine me manaya jata hai.
Q7. Muharram me kya kiya jata hai?
Log ibadat karte hain, Quran padhte hain, roze rakhte hain aur Karbala ke shaheedon ko yaad karte hain.
Q8. Kya Muharram ek tyohar hai?
Muharram ko aam khushi ke tyohar ki tarah nahi mana jata. Yeh zyadatar yaad, Gaur,Fikr aur Mazhabi ahemiyat ka waqt hota hai.
Q9. Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) kaun the?
Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A.) Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) Sahab ke nawase the aur Karbala ka waqia ke khaas shaqs the.
Q10. Karbala kahan hai?
Karbala Iraq me ek taarekhi shahar hai.
Conclusion
Muharram Islam ka ek bahut aham mahina hai jo Karbala ki taarikhi ghatna aur Imam Hussain (R.A) ki shahadat ki yaad dilata hai. Yeh mahina hume sachchai aur insaaf ke raaste par chalne ka sabaq sikhata hai.
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